Abstract Ornamental plants play a fundamental role in diverse applications, from cut flower production to landscape design and space decoration. The ornamental industry, which is part of horticulture, has experienced significant advances and mobilizes billions of dollars in the global economy, being also a totally globalized market. In recent years, this industry has implemented advanced production strategies, from genetic improvement to sustainability and supply chain, promoting scientific research in various areas. However, the dispersion of knowledge has hindered the integration of the various research networks. Therefore, this article seeks to provide an overview of the scientific production in the cut flower sector, establishing a reference line for researchers, using bibliometrics as a tool to identify trends and the scientific structure of this area of knowledge. The results revealed that worldwide since 1983 there have been 975 articles focused on this productive system, gene rated in more than 69 countries by 2750 authors who published their research in 160 academic journals. Relevant research topics that are already developed and those that need a more intense and integrated research focus on the knowledge already generated were also identified.

Resumo As plantas ornamentais desempenham um papel fundamental em diversas aplicações, desde a produção de flores de corte até o projeto paisagístico e a decoração de espaços. O setor de ornamentais, que faz parte da horticultura, tem experimentado avanços significativos e mobiliza bilhões de dólares na economia global, sendo também um mercado totalmente globalizado. Nos últimos anos, esse setor implementou estratégias avançadas de produção, desde o melhoramento genético até a sustentabilidade e a cadeia de suprimentos, promovendo pesquisas científicas em diversas áreas. No entanto, a dispersão do conhecimento tem dificultado a integração das diversas redes de pesquisa. Portanto, este artigo procura fornecer uma visão geral da produção científica no setor de flores de corte, estabelecendo uma linha de referência para pesquisadores, usando a bibliometria como ferramenta para identificar tendências e a estrutura científica dessa área de conhecimento. Os resultados revelaram que, em todo o mundo, desde 1983, houve 975 artigos focados nesse sistema produtivo, gerados em mais de 69 países por 2750 autores que publicaram suas pesquisas em 160 revistas acadêmicas. Também foram identificados tópicos de pesquisa relevantes que já estão desenvolvidos e aqueles que precisam de um foco de pesquisa mais intenso e integrado ao conhecimento já gerado.

Resumen: Se ha demostrado que la variabilidad de la relación marginal capital producto es la que determina la tasa de crecimiento de las economías según el modelo de Harrod, por ello, es importante predecir su comportamiento. Este trabajo desarrolla una metodología basada en la caminata al azar probabilista para predecir la relación marginal capital producto anual de Colombia para el 2017 con base en la información de la base de datos Penn World Table desde 1993 hasta 2016. Se encontró que esta variable posee órdenes matemáticos subyacentes, lo que permite su predicción con una precisión del 97,69%.

Abstract: It has been shown that the variability of the marginal capital product ratio is what determines the growth rate of economies according to Harrod’s model; therefore, it is important to predict its behavior. This paper develops a methodology based on probabilistic random walk to predict the annual marginal capital product ratio of Colombia for the year 2017 based on information from the Penn World Table database from 1993 to 2016. It was found that this variable has underlying mathematical orders, which allows its prediction with an accuracy of 97.69%.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the frequency of colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from three healthcare facilities in Lima and cryopreserved at the Laboratorio de Resistencia Antimicrobianos e Inmunopatología of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). The colistin broth disk elution method was used for the phenotypic identification of colistin resistance. We detected the expression of the mcr-1 gene by using the phenotypic diffusion method with combined colistin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disks; and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for molecular identification of the gene. Of the 97 isolates, 7 (7.2%) were resistant to colistin; however, none carried the mcr-1 gene. This is the first report from Peru on clinical isolates of colistin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which suggests the need for implementation of appropriate methodologies for the epidemiological surveillance of colistin-resistant pathogens.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de resistencia a la colistina en Pseudomonas aeruginosa provenientes de tres establecimientos de salud de Lima, criopreservados en el banco de cepas del Laboratorio de Resistencia a Antimicrobianos e Inmunopatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). El método de elución de discos de colistina en caldo fue empleado para la identificación fenotípica de la resistencia a la colistina; la detección de la expresión del gen mcr-1 se realizó mediante el método fenotípico de difusión de discos combinados de colistina y ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para la identificación molecular del gen. De los 97 aislados estudiados, 7 (7,2%) fueron resistentes a la colistina y ninguno fue portador del gen mcr-1. Este estudio constituye el primer reporte en el Perú de aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a la colistina, lo que implica la necesidad de implementar metodologías apropiadas para la vigilancia epidemiológica de patógenos resistentes a la colistina.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the frequency of colistin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from three healthcare facilities in Lima and cryopreserved at the Laboratorio de Resistencia Antimicrobianos e Inmunopatología of the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). The colistin broth disk elution method was used for the phenotypic identification of colistin resistance. We detected the expression of the mcr-1 gene by using the phenotypic diffusion method with combined colistin and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) disks; and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for molecular identification of the gene. Of the 97 isolates, 7 (7.2%) were resistant to colistin; however, none carried the mcr-1 gene. This is the first report from Peru on clinical isolates of colistin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which suggests the need for implementation of appropriate methodologies for the epidemiological surveillance of colistin-resistant pathogens.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de resistencia a la colistina en Pseudomonas aeruginosa provenientes de tres establecimientos de salud de Lima, criopreservados en el banco de cepas del Laboratorio de Resistencia a Antimicrobianos e Inmunopatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). El método de elución de discos de colistina en caldo fue empleado para la identificación fenotípica de la resistencia a la colistina; la detección de la expresión del gen mcr-1 se realizó mediante el método fenotípico de difusión de discos combinados de colistina y ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) para la identificación molecular del gen. De los 97 aislados estudiados, 7 (7,2%) fueron resistentes a la colistina y ninguno fue portador del gen mcr-1. Este estudio constituye el primer reporte en el Perú de aislados clínicos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a la colistina, lo que implica la necesidad de implementar metodologías apropiadas para la vigilancia epidemiológica de patógenos resistentes a la colistina.

This study addresses the concepts of territorial systems of agricultural innovation and social network analysis. The general purpose of this research was analyzing a relationship between trust networks (technical, strategic and normative) and the dynamics of technological diffusion and adoption by Hass avocado farmers in each territory. To this end, two rural municipalities were compared as case studies; where 94 farmers were interviewed. A database was obtained and analyzed using a social network approach by calculating network indicators, as well as the technology adoption index (TAI) for farmers. Correlation tests were also used to determine the effect of the farmers' trust networks on their own technology diffusion-adoption dynamics. Case studies showed that there are no significant differences in terms of technology adoption when comparing municipalities. However, the farmers' diffusion networks show different public-private actors, as well as different degrees of input centrality and intermediation in each municipality, where correlation was found only with normative trust networks in a municipality. The capture of specific information from a geographical space is steered by the approach of territorial systems of agricultural innovation, allowing for the development of increasingly accurate strategies and interventions.

Se abordó un estudio sobre el concepto de sistema territorial de innovación agrícola y análisis de redes sociales. La presente investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo general de analizar una relación entre las redes de confianza (técnica, estratégica y normativa) y la dinámica de difusión y adopción tecnológica de los agricultores de aguacate Hass en cada territorio. Para ello se compararon dos municipios rurales como estudios de caso, donde se entrevistaron 94 agricultores. Se obtuvo una base de datos y se analizó mediante enfoque de redes sociales, calculando indicadores de red, así como el índice de adopción de tecnología (INAT) para los agricultores. También se usaron pruebas de correlación para determinar la incidencia de las redes de confianza de los agricultores en sus propias dinámicas de difusión-adopción de tecnología. Los estudios de caso mostraron que no existen diferencias significativas en la adopción de tecnología comparando municipios. Sin embargo, las redes de difusión de los agricultores evidencian diferentes actores público-privados, así como diferentes grados de centralidad de entrada y de intermediación en cada municipio, donde se halló correlación solo con las redes de confianza normativa en un municipio. El enfoque de sistemas territoriales de innovación agrícola orienta la captura de información específica de un espacio geográfico, permitiendo desarrollar estrategias e intervenciones más precisas.

RESUMO Racional: A obesidade é um grande problema de saúde. Bypass gástrico com uma anastomose (OAGB) é operação de perda de peso restritiva e disabsortiva que carrega as mesmas características do bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux em seu status de mecanismo de perda de peso, mas seus resultados permanecem controversos. Objetivo: Descrever a técnica e os resultados do OAGB e seus efeitos na perda de peso e na remissão de comorbidades. Método: Revisão retrospectiva de todos os pacientes que foram submetidos a OAGB de janeiro de 2017 a janeiro de 2018. As características basais dos pacientes foram registradas. O acompanhamento de rotina foi de 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses. Resultados: Um total de 51 pacientes foi submetido a OAGB-HGM. A idade média foi de 43,8±9,3 anos, o peso médio foi de 125±31 e o IMC médio de 55,8±12 kg/m2. Em relação às comorbidades, 64,7% apresentavam diabete melito tipo 2 (DM2), 43,1% hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e 51% dislipidemia. O IMC diminuiu para 48,4±1,3 a 31±4,4 em 12 meses (p=0,0001) e a redução média foi de 65% de perda de excesso de peso (EWL) em 12 meses de seguimento. Houve melhora nos valores do colesterol total (CT) (p=0,348); triglicéridos (TGC) (p=0,0001); LDL (p=0,06), HDL (p=0,029) e A1C (p=0,405). A remissão do DM2 ao seguimento de 12 meses após a operação foi de 57% (p=0,124), remissão da HAS 37% (p=0,040) e remissão da dislipidemia de 43% (p=0,967). Conclusões: OAGB-HGM é procedimento comumente realizado e seguro. Resultados de curto prazo parecem promissores; no entanto, o acompanhamento em longo prazo é necessário para avaliar as complicações e possíveis efeitos nutricionais

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is a major health problem. One anastomosis-gastric bypass (OAGB) is a restrictive and malabsorptive weight loss surgery that carries the same characteristics of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in its status as a weight loss mechanism; but, its results remain controversial. Aim: To describe the technique and outcomes of OAGB and its effects on weight loss and remission of comorbidities. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients who underwent OAGB procedure from January 2017 to January 2018. Patients’ baseline characteristics were recorded. The routine in follow-up were at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results: A total of 51 patients underwent OAGB. The mean age was 43.8±9.3 years, mean weight was 125±31 and mean BMI was 55.8±12 kg/m2. With regard to comorbidities, 64.7% had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 43.1% systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and 51% dyslipidemia. The BMI decreased for 48.4±1.3 to 31±4.4 at 12 months (p=0.0001) and we obtained an average decreased of 65% excess weight loss (EWL) at 12 months of follow-up. There was improvement in the values of total cholesterol (CT) (p=0.348); triglycerides (TGC) (p=0.0001); LDL (p=0.06), HDL (p=0.029) and A1C (p=0.405). Remission of T2DM al 12 months follow-up after surgery was 57% (p=0.124), remission of SAH 37% (p=0.040) and remission of dyslipidemia of 43% (p=0.967). Conclusions: OAGB is a commonly performed and safe procedure. Short term results appear promising; however, long-term follow-up is necessary to evaluate complications and possible nutritional effects.

Introducción: La infección respiratoria aguda es una causa importante de morbimortalidad en menores de cinco años en los municipios de las provincias de Santander. La etiología viral en esos municipios no es bien conocida. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la etiología viral de la infección respiratoria aguda en menores de cinco años en las provincias Comunera y García Rovira del departamento de Santander entre diciembre de 2012 y diciembre de 2013. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo en población usuaria de servicios de urgencias. Se obtuvieron muestras por hisopado nasofaríngeo y se realizó amplificación por reacción en cadena de polimerasa con el test Seeplex® RV15 OneStep ACE Detection, multiplex para 15 virus. Resultados: Participaron 64 niños, 57,8% niños de sexo masculino. El 26,6%, de los niños eran menores de un año. La positividad para virus fue del 37,5% de las muestras. El 75% de las muestras positivas fueron de la provincia Comunera y 25% de la provincia de García Rovira. Hubo co-infección por dos virus en 8,3% de las muestras positivas. Los virus más identificados fueron Rhinovirus (29%), Parainfluenza 4 (20,8%) e Influenza (12,5%). También se identificó Coronavirus, Adenovirus, Virus Sincitial Respiratorio, Metapneumovirus y otros virus Parainfluenza. Conclusiones: En las dos provincias de Santander evaluadas circula una amplia cantidad de virus respiratorios en menores de cinco años. El Rhinovirus fue identificado como el más frecuente. Se encontró presencia de Metapneumovirus y Coronavirus humano.

Introduction: Acute respiratory infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years in Santander (Colombia). Viral etiology in municipalities from this department is not well known. Objective: To determine the viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in children under five years in the provinces Comunera and García Rovira (Santander) from December 2012 to December 2013. Methodology: Descriptive study in pediatric population who attended the emergency services studied. Nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained and a polymerase chain reaction was performed with Seeplex® OneStep RV15 ACE Detection, which is a multiplex test for 15 virus. Results: 64 children were enrolled, 57,8% being boys. 26.6% of participants were under one year. Virus positivity was present in 37.5% of the samples and 75% of the positive samples were from the province Comunera. Besides, 8.3% from positive samples were co-infected with two viruses. The most common virus were Rhinovirus (29%), Parainfluenza 4 (20.8%) and influenza (12.5%). Coronavirus, Adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, Metapneumovirus and other Parainfluenza virus were also identified. Conclusions: There is a wide circulation of respiratory virus in children under five in these two provinces of Santander (Colombia). Rhinovirus was the most frequent. Human Metapneumovirus and Coronavirus were also found.

The polyethylene market status was evaluated globally, and especially in South America, identifying the role of Bolivia, in its way from importer to exporter, on the basis of the polymers plant projected for 2018. The source and the characteristics of the prime matter were identified, as well as the technology and the type of products. Also, the diverse technologies of polymerization for the products: HDPE, LLDPE, LDPE, etc., are discussed in this review. Simulation of the ethylene polymerization in a fluidized bed reactor is here discussed

INTRODUCTION: The South American country Chile now boasts a life expectancy of over 80 years. As a consequence, Chile now faces the increasing social and economic burden of cancer and must implement political policy to deliver equitable cancer care. Hindering the development of a national cancer policy is the lack of comprehensive analysis of cancer infrastructure and economic impact. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate existing cancer policy, the extent of national investigation and the socio-economic impact of cancer to deliver guidelines for the framing of an equitable national cancer policy. METHODS: Burden, research and care-policy systems were assessed by triangulating objective system metrics -epidemiological, economic, etc. - with political and policy analysis. Analysis of the literature and governmental databases was performed. The oncology community was interviewed and surveyed. RESULTS: Chile utilizes 1% of its gross domestic product on cancer care and treatment. We estimate that the economic impact as measured in Disability Adjusted Life Years to be US$ 3.5 billion. Persistent inequalities still occur in cancer distribution and treatment. A high quality cancer research community is expanding, however, insufficient funding is directed towards disproportionally prevalent stomach, lung and gallbladder cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Chile has a rapidly ageing population wherein 40% smoke, 67% are overweight and 18% abuse alcohol, and thus the corresponding burden of cancer will have a negative impact on an affordable health care system. We conclude that the Chilean government must develop a national cancer strategy, which the authors outline herein and believe is essential to permit equitable cancer care for the country.

En diferentes países se han calculado índices a partir de encuestas de innovación bajo especificaciones planteadas desde el Manual de Oslo de la OCDE. No obstante, las características de la información existente en las realizadas en Colombia en los años 1996 y 2005 no permiten la comparabilidad directa de las variables. Esto llevó a proponer un nuevo índice de desempeño innovador de la industria basado en la metodología del índice de valor de importancia relativizado, utilizado en otros ámbitos como las clasificaciones etnobotánicas. Esta metodología, permite visualizar el fenómeno en los dos momentos de las encuestas realizadas en Colombia y se revela como una herramienta para relacionarlas. Se encontró que el desempeño innovador industrial en el año 1996 fue caracterizado principalmente por la innovación de mercado y organizacional, mientras que en 2005, su principal característica fue la innovación potencial.

Rates are calculated in different countries from innovation surveys raised under specifications from OECD's Oslo manual. Nevertheless, information characteristics do not allow direct comparability of the variables in Colombia during 1996 and 2005. This led to propose a new innovation performance index of industry based on importance value index methodology relativized and used in other areas such as ethno-botanical classifications. This methodology allows visualizing the phenomenon in both surveys conducted in Colombia and it is considered as a tool to correlate them. It was found that innovation industrial performance in 1996 was characterized mainly by the market and organizational innovation, while in 2005 its main feature was the potential innovation.

Em diferentes países se calculam índices de inovação a partir de enquetes com especificações propostas desde o Manual de Oslo da OCDE. Apesar disto, as características da informação existente nos levantamentos realizados na Colômbia nos anos 1996 e 2005 não permitem a comparação direta das variáveis. Isto levou a propor um novo índice de desempenho inovador da indústria baseado na metodologia do índice de valor de importância relativizado utilizado em outros âmbitos como as classificações etnobotânicas. Esta metodologia permite visualizar o fenômeno nos dois momentos das pesquisas realizadas na Colômbia e se revela como uma ferramenta para relacioná-las. Encontrou-se que o desempenho inovador industrial no ano 1996 foi caracterizado principalmente pela inovação de mercado e organização enquanto que em 2005 sua principal característica foi a inovação potencial

Background: Acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction carry an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events ( MACE) and drug eluting stent used in this subgroup of patients is controversial. Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of drug eluting stent (DES) vs bare metal stents (BMS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). and to assess the impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on the incidence of MACE. Methods: Data on a prospective cohort study of acute myocardial undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with DES or BMS stents in a high complexity institution was analyzed. The incidence of MACE in the first year of follow-up and the effect of ejection fraction was assessed in relation to stent type and presence of left ventricular dysfunction. Results: There were 1084 patients with AMI from January 2002 to October 2013. 70.12% (758 patients) had BMS and 29.88% DES. In a multivariate analysis there was no benefit of DES vs BMS (HR 0.75 95 % CI 0.54 to 1.05 p = 0.102). However, hypertension and ventricular dysfunction were independent predictors of MACE (HR 1.51 95 % CI 1.15 to 2.0 p = 0.003 and HR 1.61 95 % CI 1.22 to 2.13 p = 0.001 respectively). Conclusions: The use of DES was not associated with lower risk of MACE in patients with AMI. Left ventricular dysfunction was a predictor of MACE in the first year of follow up.

Introducción: Los pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio y disfunción ventricular izquierda tienen mayor riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores (MACE) y el uso de stent convencional vs fármacoactivo en este subgrupo de pacientes genera controversia. Objetivos: Comparar la efectividad de los tipos de stent en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio y evaluar el impacto de la fracción de eyección ventricular en términos de MACE. Métodos: Cohorte prospectiva basada en un registro de una institución de IV nivel de intervención percutánea coronaria con stent convencional o fármacoactivo. Se comparó la incidencia de MACE en pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio según el tipo de stent en el primer año del evento y se evaluó el efecto de la fracción de eyección en la ocurrencia de desenlaces. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1084 pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio entre enero 2002 hasta octubre de 2013 de los cuales 70,12% (758 pacientes) recibieron stent convencional (SC) y 29,88% stent fármacoactivo (SM). En un modelo multivariado no se observó beneficio del SM vs SC (HR 0,75 95% IC 0,54-1,05 p=0,102) respecto a presentar MACE, sin embargo la presencia de hipertensión arterial y disfunción ventricular fueron predictores independiente de presentar MACE (HR 1,51 95% IC 1,15-2,0 p=0,003 y HR 1,61 95% IC 1,22-2,13 p=0,001 respectivamente). Conclusiones: El uso de stent fármacoactivo no se relacionó con menor probabilidad de eventos adversos cardiovasculares mayores en pacientes con IAM. La disfunción ventricular izquierda fue un predictor de MACE a 1 año de seguimiento.

Introducción: Los combates armados generan heridas oculares complejas con mal pronóstico visual. Nuestro objetivo es caracterizar la población militar que sufre trauma ocular de combate en Colombia asociado a minas antipersona, así como las características de las lesiones, el tratamiento recibido y desenlace visual final. Métodos: Se evaluó retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de soldados atendidos en el Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe, que sufrieron accidente por mina antipersona durante el período entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2012. Resultados: 635 soldados, sufrieron trauma por mina antipersona; de estos, 153 (226 ojos) tuvieron trauma ocular. El 29.6% tuvieron trauma abierto. Se calculó el Ocular Trauma Score en 183 ojos. El 45% de los ojos se clasificaron como categoría 3. Tres pacientes tuvieron una visión final de no percepción de luz por ambos ojos. El 97.3% de los ojos tuvieron tratamiento farmacológico y 49.1% recibieron cirugía además. Se realizó evisceración primaria en el 5.8% y enucleación en 1.8%. Se logró comprobar cuerpo extraño intraocular por ecografía en el 11.1% y por tomografía de órbitas en el 5.8%. Once pacientes fueron legalmente ciegos, al momento de abandonar el hospital. Conclusiones: Las principales medidas terapéuticas asociadas con mejoría del pronóstico visual son el cierre primario de herida y la administración de antibióticos; aunque las características de las heridas oculares son el principal factor pronóstico. El Ocular Trauma Score es una herramienta útil para determinar el pronóstico visual en trauma ocular de combate.

Introduction: Currently ocular combat injuries are complex and associated with poor visual outcomes. Our objective is to characterize the military population that suffer land mine combat ocular trauma in Colombia and identify the type of wound, treatment and visual outcomes. Methods: Retrospectively review of medical history of soldiers evaluated in Pablo Tobon Uribe Hospital, whom had land mine trauma during January of 2004 and December 2012. Results: 635 soldiers had land mine trauma, 153 of them had ocular trauma (226 eyes). Open ocular trauma was observed in 29.6%. The Ocular Trauma Score was calculated in 183 eyes, the initial visual acuity was not possible to be reported in the rest of them; the 45% of the eyes were classified in category 3. Three patients had no light perception in both eyes. 97.3% of the eyes received medical treatment and 49.1% had surgery also. Primary evisceration was made in 5.8% and enucleation in 1.8%. Intraocular foreign body was observed by ultrasonography in 11.1% and in 5.8% by orbital tomography. Eleven patients were legally blind at discharge. Conclusions: The ocular trauma related to a land mine is highly destructive at an ocular level. The treatments associated with better visual outcomes are primary closure of globe and systemic antibiotics; although the characteristics of the wound itself are the main prognostic factor. The Ocular trauma score is a useful tool for determining visual outcome in combat ocular trauma.

OBJETIVO: Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento do Questionário de Frequência Alimentar utilizado no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto e as perspectivas de análise da dieta, como exposição a doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. MÉTODOS: O instrumento de avaliação dietética do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto foi construído a partir de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar previamente validado. A lista final de itens alimentares levou em consideração um levantamento realizado nos seis centros de investigação do estudo em questão. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos novos alimentos/preparações no Questionário de Frequência Alimentar, com as respectivas porções, perfazendo um total de 114 itens. São apresentadas as perspectivas de análise da dieta e doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes no Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto. CONCLUSÃO: Desenvolveu-se um novo instrumento que busca atender especificidades regionais contempladas na população do estudo.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to present the development of the Food Frequency Questionaire used in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil and analyze how diet exposes individuals to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes Mellitus. METHODS: The Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil dietary assessment instrument is based on a previously validated Food Frequency Questionaire and the final list of items took into consideration a study done in the six Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil investigation centers. RESULTS: New foods/preparations were included in the Food Frequency Questionaire with their respective portions, totaling 114 items. The perspectives of dietary analysis and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are presented in Longitudinal Study of Adult Health-Brazil. CONCLUSION: A new instrument was developed to cover the regional particularities of the study population.

This report describes a previously unknown technique for constructing Moche stirrup spout bottles discovered at El Castillo de Santa, a Moche settlement that flourished in the second half of the Early Intermediate Period (300-600AD) on the northern coast of Peru. The site has been studied in recent years by the Santa Valley Project of the Université de Montréal. The author presents the specific steps involved in the technique and distinguishes it from other methods for making stirrup spouts known to date. This study demonstrates that multiple methods existed for producing Moche bottles and contributes to our understanding of diachronic and synchronic diversity in Moche ceramic technologies.

El artículo describe una modalidad de elaboración de botellas de asa estribo identificada en El Castillo de Santa, un asentamiento de la segunda mitad del Período Intermedio Temprano (300-600 DC) ubicado en Ancash, costa norte de Perú. El análisis de la cerámica Moche III recuperada en ese sitio por el Proyecto Santa de la Universidad de Montreal permitió al autor identificar una técnica de manufactura de botellas distinta a la hasta ahora conocida para la sociedad Moche. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran la existencia de distintos métodos y cadenas operativas en la fabricación de las botellas de asa estribo, contribuyendo al reconocimiento de la diversidad regional y temporal existente al interior de las tecnologías de producción de la cerámica Moche.

Uma série de (E)-2-(benzo[d]tiazol-2-il)-3-arilacrilonitrilas foi sintetizada pela condensação de Knoevenagel assistida por microondas, na ausência de solvente, partindo do correspondente 2-(benzo[d]tiazo-2-il)acetonitrila e aldeídos aromáticos, contendo tanto grupos doadores de elétrons, como retiradores. Os tempos de reação foram consideravelmente curtos e os produtos, obtidos em rendimentos moderados (50-75%) e boa pureza. A configuração da dupla ligação da acrilonitrila não pôde ser estabelecida por métodos comuns de RMN. No entanto, estudos teóricos sugerem que nesses compostos o isômero E é mais estável do que o Z, o que está de acordo com algumas evidências experimentais.

A series of (E)-2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-arylacrylonitriles was synthesized by microwave assisted Knoevenagel condensation under solvent-free conditions from the corresponding 2-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile and aromatic aldehydes with electrondonating/electron-withdrawing groups. The reaction times were considerably short and the products obtained in moderate yields (50 to 75%) and good purity. The configuration of the acrylonitrile double bond could not be established by regular NMR methods. However, theoretical studies suggest that the E isomer is more stable than Z, which is in good agreement with some experimental evidences.